Experiences and Perceptions of HIV Counseling and Testing among Adolescent Girls and Young Women in Mbeya City Council, Tanzania

Abstract

 Abstract

Introduction

HIV is still a problem in Tanzania. The prevalence of HIV in Tanzania is 4.5%, with Mbeya being the third region with the highest prevalence of 9.3%. Adolescents and Young Women (AGYW) are particularly vulnerable to HIV transmission. Despite the efforts to decrease HIV prevalence in the country, the risk remains high among AGYW in Mbeya. This study aimed to explore AGYW’s perceptions and experiences regarding HIV Counselling and Testing (HTC) services in Mbeya City Council, Mbeya.

Methods

A qualitative research study explored AGYW's perceptions and experiences regarding HIV counselling and testing services in Mbeya City Council, Mbeya, Tanzania. Study participants were purposively selected. Data was collected through in-depth interviews, which were transcribed verbatim and translated into English. A thematic analysis was undertaken to identify key themes that emerged from the data.

Results

The findings revealed that AGYW face several barriers when accessing HTC services. These barriers included poor knowledge of HTC, fear, stigma and misconceptions. It was further revealed that societal attitudes, religious beliefs, prolonged waiting times, being uncomfortable with older healthcare providers, lack of confidentiality and gender norms exacerbate these barriers thus hindering access to HCT services.

Conclusion

The results show that by lowering social obstacles and strengthening peer support networks, healthcare providers can help AGYW access HCT-friendly services. Furthermore, when providing HCT to AGYW, healthcare professionals should adhere to their professional ethics, continue educating AGYW, and dispel any misconceptions about HCT services.